输电网损的公正分配

电网用户各自在电力元件上引起的损耗究竟有多大，这是电力市场中输电成本合理分摊的重要内容，是传统的电路理论未曾论及、实际上也无法回答的问题，因此引起了人们的广泛兴趣和争议。基于电路的基本理论，作者给出了支路损耗的基本性质，提出了合理分摊支路损耗的基本要求。针对国内外几种典型的支路损耗分摊算法进行了深入的研究，剖析了这些算法中的某些模糊认识，理论上指出了各种方法的优劣和适用性。     

Transmission congestion and voltage profile management coordination in competitive electricity markets

This paper describes a generalized active/reactive iterative coordination process between GENCOs and the Independent System Operator (ISO) for active (transmission congestion) and reactive (voltage profile) management in the day-ahead market. GENCOs apply priced-based unit commitment without transmission and voltage security constraints, schedule their units and submit their initial bids to the ISO. The ISO executes congestion and voltage profile management for eliminating transmission and voltage profile violations. If violations are not eliminated, the ISO minimizes the transmission and voltage profile violations and sends a signal via the Internet to GENCOs. GENCOs reschedule their units taking into account the ISO signals and submit modified bids to the ISO. The voltage problem is addressed and a linear model is formulated and used in the proposed method. The voltage problem is formulated as a linear programming with a block-angular structure and Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is applied to generate several smaller problems for a faster and easier solution of large-scale power systems. Two 36 unit GENCOs are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed generalized active/reactive coordination algorithm.     

电力市场中的输电服务（三）：无功管理与定价

本文从技术、经济的角度阐述了电力市场中无功管理的特点，讨论了无功需求、无功生产费用和无功市场模式。并介绍了几种无功定价方法。     

一种基于优化组合的供电公司电价管制模型

分析了目前国外公司采用的垄断行业定价方案,结合我国电力行业现状提出了一种基于优化组合的供电公司电价管制模型。首先综合考虑了各地消费水平与环境差异性等因素并得到某一地区的基准供电公司模型,然后以此模型为基础结合价格上限管制方法得出了各供电公司的电价管制模型,该模型同样适用于大区级供电公司的电价管制。最后通过算例说明了该模型的具体应用方法。     

一种新的促进厂网规划协调的整体框架与模型

通过分析厂网分开后电力行业出现的新情况和电力市场改革的发展趋势,提出了新时期的电力规划新模式,引入协调因子来促进厂网规划的协调及共同承担规划风险。以计及可靠性的缺电成本和考虑经济性的输电利用成本作为规划协调变量,以全社会效益最大为目标,使用蒙特卡罗模拟法进行风险分析,结合投资(规划)决策者对效益、风险的理性认识,建立了电力市场环境下促进厂网规划协调的实用而新颖的数学模型。最后提出了采用厂网协调发展系数对电力规划进行评估,从而影响下一阶段的电力规划。后续文章将给出模型的算法和算例分析。     

考虑输电约束古诺模型的均衡分析

电力市场是一个不完全竞争的市场，模拟这类市场成员策略使用较多的模型有古诺模型、供应函数均衡模型等。该文利用古诺模型模拟电力市场中发电商的策略行为，模型中考虑了输电网络约束的影响。首先建立了考虑网络约束的Cournot模型，接着利用一简单两节点网络详细分析了输电网络约束对发电商纯策略均衡解的影响，然后利用一个三节点环网分析了发电商纯策略均衡解存在的条件，最后通过算例具体计算了输电网络约束对发电商纯策略均衡解的影响。结果表明考虑输电容量约束后，有可能存在不同的纯策略均衡；并且为得到与不考虑输电容量约束相同的均衡解，该线路容量约束将远大于均衡时的线路潮流，所提出的均衡分析方法是有效的。     

计及统一潮流控制器的可用输电能力的计算

在电力市场环境下，研究和计算区域间可用输电能力可以引导市场参与者进行电能交易，保证充分利用电网输电容量，而研究计及FACTS装置的可用输电能力的计算更具有理论和实际意义。文中基于最优潮流，提出计及统一潮流控制器的可用输电能力的计算模型，利用功率注入法，将统一潮流控制器对潮流的控制作用转移到所在线路两侧的节点上，在不修改原有节点导纳阵的情况下嵌入模型。算法上采用逐步二次规划法，IEEE．30节点系统的计算结果表明，所提出的模型及算法是有效的和可行的。     

A simulation testbed for analyzing trust and reputation mechanisms in unreliable online markets

Modern online markets are becoming extremely dynamic, indirectly dictating the need for (semi-) autonomous approaches for constant monitoring and immediate action in order to satisfy one’s needs/preferences. In such open and versatile environments, software agents may be considered as a suitable metaphor for dealing with the increasing complexity of the problem. Additionally, trust and reputation have been recognized as key issues in online markets and many researchers have, in different perspectives, surveyed the related notions, mechanisms and models. Within the context of this work we present an adaptable, multivariate agent testbed for the simulation of open online markets and the study of various factors affecting the quality of the service consumed. This testbed, which we call Euphemus, is highly parameterized and can be easily customized to suit a particular application domain. It allows for building various market scenarios and analyzing interesting properties of e-commerce environments from a trust perspective. The architecture of Euphemus is presented and a number of well-known trust and reputation models are built with Euphemus, in order to show how the testbed can be used to apply and adapt models. Extensive experimentation has been performed in order to show how models behave in unreliable online markets, results are discussed and interesting conclusions are drawn.     

Transmission pricing and recovery of investment costs in the deregulated power system based on optimal circuit prices

Transmission pricing has become a major issue in the discussions about the deregulated electricity markets.Conse-quently,open access to the transmission system is one of the basic topics to allow compe...